Community energy systems often have decentralised governance, where local people actively participate in operating and managing the energy system. This can include the establishment of community energy cooperatives, democratic planning committees, and local maintenance structures – all of which can enhance community ownership and agency.

Renewable energy subsidies are critical to solving this challenge by reducing costs, encouraging private investment, and accelerating adoption. Here’s how four key African countries – South Africa, Kenya, Morocco, and Nigeria – are implementing subsidy programs.